IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research

Nature as Text: A Systematic Review of Ecologically Themed Writing Pedagogy and Its Influence on Metacognition and Student Engagement

2025-08-14T16:42:16+07:00

This systematic literature review (SLR) investigates how integrating ecological literacy themes into writing pedagogy influences elementary students’ metacognitive writing strategies and engagement in deep learning-oriented classrooms. The primary objective is to synthesize existing research from 2015-2025 to identify key trends, impacts, and knowledge gaps in this interdisciplinary field. Method: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across academic databases using the PICO-S framework. Keywords included "ecological literacy," "writing pedagogy," "elementary students," "metacognition," and "engagement." Inclusion criteria focused on peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2015 and 2025. Data extraction covered study design, population, intervention details, and key findings. A narrative synthesis approach was employed due to study heterogeneity. Results: Findings indicate a positive correlation between ecological literacy integration and enhanced metacognitive awareness in writing, alongside increased student engagement in deep learning. Contextualized writing tasks on environmental themes foster critical thinking, problem-solving, and self-regulation. Engagement is heightened by the real-world relevance of ecological topics, promoting deeper understanding and application of knowledge. Novelty: This review addresses a critical gap by specifically examining the intersection of writing pedagogy and ecological literacy, offering a unique perspective beyond traditional writing instruction. It underscores the urgency of fostering environmental awareness through early writing education, cultivating critical consciousness in students regarding climate crises, and promoting a holistic integration of academic and life literacies. This interdisciplinary approach provides novel insights for 21st-century educational practices and curriculum development.

Development of Teaching Model for Testing Service Quality and Airport Passenger Satisfaction at Aviation Polytechnic

2025-08-14T16:41:56+07:00

Objective: To develop a teaching model that integrates the concepts of service quality testing and airport passenger satisfaction in the educational curriculum at the Aviation Polytechnic. The main focus of the research is to design a competency-based learning approach that covers not only theoretical aspects but also practical applications in the context of the aviation industry. In addition, this research also evaluates the effectiveness of the teaching model in improving students' understanding of airport service quality parameters. Method: used is Research and Development (R&D) with the stages of needs analysis, model design, expert validation, limited trial, and implementation. Data were collected through surveys, interviews with aviation industry stakeholders, as well as pretests and posttests on students to measure the increase in understanding. Data analysis was done quantitatively with descriptive statistics and paired sample t-test, as well as qualitatively through evaluation of learner and expert responses. Results: Showed that the developed teaching model significantly improved students' understanding of airport service quality dimensions such as tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The effectiveness test of the model shows an increase in understanding scores after implementation. Novelty: Research lies in the integration between the academic curriculum and the real needs of the aviation industry, especially in terms of service quality measurement and passenger satisfaction. The developed model is also equipped with case studies based on actual data from the airport and interactive simulations, thus providing a more contextualised learning experience. This research is expected to be a reference for the development of aviation vocational education curriculum that is more adaptive to industry dynamics.

Application Of Transformer Diagnostic Application To Improve Students' Analytical Skills In Transformer Courses Of Electrical Engineering D4 Program

2025-08-14T16:41:34+07:00

Objective: This study aimed to address the prevalent difficulty among electrical engineering students in applying theoretical knowledge to the practical interpretation of transformer diagnostic data. The primary objective was to assess the effectiveness of a purpose-built diagnostic software application in improving the analytical skills required for this task. Method: The research employed a quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design involving a sample of 36 undergraduate students in a D4 Electrical Engineering program. Participants' analytical skills were measured before and after the intervention, which consisted of training with the diagnostic application. Data were collected through quantitative tests, student perception surveys, and instructor observation sheets. The analysis involved paired sample t-tests and N-Gain calculations, with findings triangulated using qualitative feedback to enhance validity. Result: The intervention yielded highly positive outcomes, demonstrating a statistically significant improvement in students' analytical abilities. The mean score rose from 56.19 to 82.58, and an average N-Gain score of 0.61 classified the application's effectiveness in the "medium improvement" category. These quantitative findings were strongly supported by qualitative data, wherein students reported the application to be highly intuitive and effective in transforming passive learning into an active, contextualized, and confidence-boosting experience. Novelty: The novelty of this research lies in providing empirical evidence for a scalable and effective pedagogical tool that bridges the critical gap between academic theory and industry-required practical skills. This study presents a validated software-based solution to a persistent challenge in vocational engineering education, demonstrating a tangible method for better preparing graduates to meet professional demands in transformer diagnostics.

Entrepreneurship Education and Welfare Transformation Among Culinary MSMEs: A Comparative Study in Sumatera Utara

2025-08-14T16:41:12+07:00

Objective this research identifies and analyzes effective strategies for developing entrepreneurship education and their impact on the welfare of culinary MSME actors in Perak and Tanjung Morawa regions. Method using a mixed-method approach, we conducted quantitative surveys with 245 culinary MSME owners and qualitative interviews with 18 key stakeholders over 14 months. Results the findings reveal significant regional differences in entrepreneurship development patterns, with Perak demonstrating higher rates of formal entrepreneurship education adoption (72.3% vs. 48.7%) and corresponding higher monthly income growth (37.5% vs. 23.2%). Digital literacy programs strongly correlated with business sustainability in both regions (r=0.78, p<0.001). While mentorship programs proved most impactful in Tanjung Morawa, collaborative business networks were more effective in Perak. Novelty the study identified five critical success factors: experiential learning approaches, digital marketplace integration, financial literacy, cultural authenticity preservation, and adaptive business modeling. The research introduces the Integrated Culinary Entrepreneurship Development (ICED) framework, a novel approach synthesizing regional cultural considerations with contemporary business education methodologies. This framework provides a contextually sensitive model for enhancing entrepreneurial in culturally diverse culinary markets while preserving traditional culinary heritage education in Sumatera Utara

Analyzing Verbal Interactions of an Autistic Student Teacher During ELT Practicum Using FIACS and its Impact on Speaking Skills

2025-08-14T16:40:55+07:00

Objective: This study identifies the types of verbal interactions employed by an autistic student teacher during an English Language Teaching (ELT) practicum, as categorized by the Flanders Interaction Analysis Coding System (FIACS), and examines their impact on students’ speaking skills. Method: The method used was a descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The subject of the study was a student teacher with ASD who practiced ELT practicum in the real classroom in the eight grade of inclusion class at SMPN 39 Surabaya. The ELT practicum was conducted on May-September 2023. Data collection technique used in this study was observation, video recording and interview. To analyse the data from the observation, the data were processed into FIACS sheet and calculated to find the dominant type. From the video recording, the data were transcribed in the form of description and narration. Interview data were processed using descriptive qualitative. Results: All types of verbal interaction exist in the classroom. From the results of the FIAC matrix sheet, the most dominant types are students talk (initiation and response) because they have the highest percentage. The teacher's verbal interaction with the students in the classroom has an effect on the development of the students' English skills. There is no study that investigates the the autistic student teacher’s types of verbal interaction in the classroom in English Language Teaching (ELT) practicum, mostly the previous researches investigated the classroom interaction of the student teacher with a normal condition. The implication of this study suggests a research focus on how an autistic student teacher communicates verbally during his ELT practicum which can be analyzed using FIACS. This study is among the first to explore the verbal interaction patterns of an autistic student teacher using FIACS, highlighting the potential for inclusive pedagogical competence in ELT practicum settings.

Development of an Augmented Reality Application for Learning Family Archive Management in Vocational Education

2025-08-14T16:40:37+07:00

Objective: This study aimed to develop an Augmented Reality (AR)-based learning program for family archive management in vocational education, addressing the limited use of AR in office administration subjects. In addition, the research sought to enhance students' understanding and skills in digital document management through interactive multimedia content, catering to the learning preferences of Generation Z students who are highly engaged with digital technology. Method: The study employed the ADDIE model, focusing only on the analysis and design of AR content (videos, audio, and text), and and development of the AR program using Unity software. The AR program was validated by experts for content and material and tested by 40 students in Faculty of Economics and Business through questionnaires assessing audio quality, video quality, visual appeal, and ease of use. Results: This research has completed the analysis, design, and development of an augmented reality for family archive management in vocational education. Evaluations by both of experts and prospective user show that the AR Program as very good for all aspects including usability, content quality, ease of use, visual appeal, video quality, and audio quality. The application was deemed suitable for broader implementation and further effectiveness testing in classroom settings. Novelty: This study contributes to the limited research on AR applications in office administration education and offering an innovative tool for vocational students in the learning family archive management. Integrating multimedia elements such as video, audio, and text in AR program provides an innovative and engaging learning experience, aligning with the digital literacy needs of Generation Z. Future studies should continue implementation and evaluation phases to demonstrate that The AR program effectively enhances teaching and learning process in vocational education.

The PASS Model in Early Reading Instruction for Elementary School Students in Sorong Regency

2025-08-14T16:40:19+07:00

Objective: This study aims to examine the application of the PASS (Planning, Attention, Simultaneous, and Successive Processing) Model in early reading instruction for elementary school students in Sorong Regency. The model is grounded in neuropsychological principles that consider students’ cognitive processes in learning. Its implementation is deemed crucial to addressing the challenges faced in remote and linguistically diverse regions like Sorong, where conventional reading instruction often fails to meet learners' needs. Method: This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach complemented by a case study method. The research was conducted in several elementary schools across Sorong Regency during the 2024/2025 academic year. Participants included first and second-grade teachers and students, selected purposively based on school accessibility and reading proficiency levels. Data collection was conducted through classroom observations, teacher interviews, and document analysis related to teaching materials and student assessments. The analysis focused on how the components of the PASS model were applied and how they influenced students' reading development. Results: The findings revealed that the PASS model helped improve students' early reading abilities by aligning instruction with their cognitive processing styles. Teachers reported increased student engagement and better comprehension when lessons incorporated planning strategies, focused attention, and both simultaneous and successive processing tasks. For example, students showed improved ability in identifying story sequences, interpreting text picture relationships, and maintaining focus during reading activities. The model also allowed for more inclusive teaching strategies, particularly for students from non-Indonesian-speaking backgrounds. Although the approach is still in early stages of implementation in the region, preliminary outcomes indicate its positive potential in overcoming contextual reading challenges in remote schools. Novelty: This research offers a novel perspective by introducing the PASS cognitive processing model as a reading instruction framework in a multicultural, multilingual region of Indonesia. Unlike conventional phonic based methods, the PASS model emphasizes mental functions and learner-specific strategies, making it adaptable to diverse educational contexts. The study contributes new insights into how cognitive-oriented instruction can enhance foundational literacy, especially in underserved areas like Sorong, where educational innovations are urgently needed.

The Role of Cultural Literacy on Elementary School Students’ Attitudes of Tolerance: A Case in Indonesia

2025-08-14T16:39:58+07:00

Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of cultural literacy on the tolerance attitude of elementary students in Indonesia. Method: The method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational research design. The research sample consisted of 90 randomly selected students. Data were collected using questionnaires that measured cultural literacy and attitudes toward tolerance. Results: This study demonstrates a significant positive relationship between cultural literacy and tolerance attitudes among primary school students. As students’ cultural literacy levels increase, so does their tolerance toward cultural, social, and religious differences within the school environment. The correlation result (r = 0.564, p < 0.01) indicates that cultural literacy is pivotal in early adopting a tolerant character. Therefore, integrating cultural literacy into the primary school curriculum represents a relevant educational strategy for strengthening multicultural character education. Novelty: This study is the first study to empirically and quantitatively measure the role of cultural literacy in shaping the tolerance attitude of Indonesian elementary school students by using instruments tested for their validity and reliability, non-parametric correlation analysis, and scatter plot visualisation that confirms the contribution of cultural literacy to 56.4% tolerance variability. Thus, this study closes the empirical study gap at the elementary level while offering contextual and measurable curricular recommendations for integrating cultural literacy in multicultural character education.

Development of SOLO-Based HOTS Assessment in Audio-Video Learning for 3T Vocational Schools: Integrating Religious Moderation in Mentawai

2025-08-14T16:39:37+07:00

Objective: This study aims to develop a High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) assessment instrument based on the SOLO Taxonomy integrated with religious moderation values in Audio and Video Engineering learning at SMKN 1 Mentawai Islands, the 3T region of Indonesia. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach involving five main stages: preliminary study, design of question grids, content validation by experts, field trials on 30 students, and limited implementation in class. The instrument consists of 30 contextual essay questions developed based on HOTS indicators (analysis, evaluation, creation), SOLO levels (multistructural, relational, extended abstract), and moderation values such as tolerance, cross-faith collaboration, and anti-extremism. The results of content validation using Aiken's V showed a value of ≥ 0.80, while empirical validity was obtained through Pearson correlation with 24 questions in the valid category. The reliability of the instrument reached Cronbach's Alpha 0.87, indicating very high internal consistency. Limited implementation shows that students are able to respond to questions reflectively and critically, and produce works based on diversity values. This study confirms that HOTS-based assessments integrated with religious moderation values are able to form students who think critically and have social awareness. These results recommend the widespread application of similar instruments in vocational education, especially in multicultural and outermost areas, as an effort to build in-depth, contextual, and character-based education.

Learning Obstacles Faced by Elementary Students in Solving Mathematical Problems on Rectangles and Squares

2025-08-14T16:37:04+07:00

Objective: This study aims to identify student learning obstacles in solving mathematical problems on rectangular and square materials in grade IV elementary school. Method: The study employed a Didactical Design Research (DDR) method with a descriptive qualitative approach. The research involved 20 students, with six selected for in-depth interviews. Data were collected through diagnostic tests, semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis followed the three stages of DDR: prospective analysis to identify potential learning obstacles before instruction, metapedadidactic analysis to examine learning interactions during instruction, and retrospective analysis to evaluate overall learning outcomes. Results: The results revealed five major difficulties encountered by students: understanding problem contexts, representing problems in mathematical form, performing arithmetic operations, communicating answers, and generalizing solutions. These difficulties indicate learning barriers categorized as ontogenic (related to students’ cognitive readiness and development), epistemological (related to students’ understanding of mathematical concepts), and didactic (related to instructional approaches and strategies). Novelty: This study highlights the necessity of contextual, interactive, and visually concrete learning supports to foster meaningful understanding of geometry concepts. It also underscores the significance of DDR-based instructional design in addressing student learning needs and promoting innovative mathematics teaching strategies in primary education.

Enhancing Museum-Based Learning Engagement: The Role of Atmosphere and E-WOM among Student Visitors to the Indonesian Postal Museum

2025-08-14T16:36:45+07:00

Objective: This study investigates the influence of physical atmosphere and electronic word of mouth (E-WOM) on student visitors’ intention to visit the Indonesian Postal Museum in Bandung. The research is driven by the declining interest in museum visits among younger demographics, despite the institution’s historical and educational value. Strengthening informal learning environments such as museums is essential to enhancing student engagement beyond the classroom. Method: A quantitative approach with descriptive and verification design was employed. Data were gathered through a non-probability sampling technique by distributing questionnaires to 397 student respondents who have visited or intend to visit the museum. Data analysis involved validity and reliability tests, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, T-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination, processed using IBM SPSS 27. Results: The findings reveal that (1) atmosphere has a positive and significant, though moderate, effect on students’ intention to visit; (2) E-WOM shows a strong and significant influence, indicating its dominant role in shaping visit intentions; and (3) both variables together account for 40.2% of the variance in intention to visit, with the remaining 59.8% likely influenced by other factors such as accessibility, lifestyle, or promotional strategies. Novelty: This research offers a novel integrative perspective by linking environmental cues (atmosphere) with digital communication (E-WOM) in the context of cultural and informal education. Unlike prior studies that examined these elements separately, this research highlights how the synergy between physical and virtual experiences can enhance student motivation and engagement with informal learning sites like museums, offering valuable insights for educators and cultural institutions seeking to increase educational outreach in the digital age.

Aligning CEFR E-Graded Readers with EFL Learners’ Reading Proficiency: A Mixed-Methods Study from West Sulawesi, Indonesia

2025-08-14T16:36:25+07:00

This study investigates the alignment of CEFR-levelled e-graded readers with the reading proficiency of West Sulawesi EFL learners and the challenges encountered during an extensive reading program using the e-graded readers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data. 85 undergraduate learners from the English Education Study Program were the participants of this study. All learners were enrolled in an Extensive Reading course that incorporated CEFR-aligned e-graded readers accessed through the platform https://english-e-reader.net. The findings show a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.659) between CEFR levels and reading test scores, with higher levels associated with better performance. The results indicate significant differences in test scores across levels, F(4, 80) = 21.95, p < 0.001, with B1,B1+ and B2 learners outperforming those at A1 and A2. Qualitative data highlight comprehension difficulties, particularly with idiomatic expressions and cultural references. Learners also suggested incorporating interactive features and collaborative learning to improve engagement and motivation. The study concludes that enhancing scaffolding strategies, interactive elements and assessments can improve the effectiveness of E-Graded Readers in extensive reading program for EFL learners in West Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Integration of Virtual Reality Media in Teaching Factory to Enhance 4C Skills in Vocational Education

2025-08-14T16:36:06+07:00

This study aims to explore the integration of Virtual Reality (VR) technology into automotive learning based on Teaching Factory to support the development of 21st century competencies Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication (4C) in vocational high school students. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, with data collected through interviews, observations, literature reviews, and documentation analysis of teachers and students in the field of light vehicle engineering. In addition, a survey was conducted in several vocational high schools to complement the findings. The results indicate that the use of Virtual Reality enhances students' creativity and critical thinking, improves their understanding of industrial work procedures, and provides a realistic and safe learning environment. This study contributes to research on digital learning tools in vocational education by highlighting the potential of integrating Virtual Reality in a Teaching Factory setting, which is still underexplored in current practice.

Navigating Digital Risks in Early Childhood Education: Parental Strategies in Mediating Media and Gadget Exposure

2025-08-14T16:35:47+07:00

Objective: This study aims to explore how parents of children aged 2 to 6 mediate digital risks, including exposure to violent media and unsafe online content through gadgets. Method: Using a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 93 parents across 41 cities in Indonesia to capture a wide range of sociocultural and digital contexts. Results: Thematic analysis revealed various parental strategies such as constant supervision, content restriction, open communication, and, in rare cases, complete avoidance of digital technologies. These findings underscore parental concerns and highlight the tension between short-term protective actions and fostering long-term digital resilience in children. Novelty: This study contributes to early childhood education by emphasizing the role of parenting practices as central to the development of digital literacy and child protection, and by proposing the need for culturally responsive and developmentally appropriate interventions that support safe digital engagement during early childhood.

Strengthening Pancasila Leadership Character through the “Desa Bahagia” System: The Case of the Paskibraka Training Programme

2025-08-14T16:35:26+07:00

This study aims to evaluate the integration of the “Desa Bahagia” system as a character education framework in the Paskibraka national youth leadership training programme, with the goal of strengthening Pancasila-based leadership character. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with trainers, alumni, and coordinators, participatory observation during training sessions, and document analysis of programme curricula and reports. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret the data. Findings reveal that the “Desa Bahagia” System, which emphasizes holistic development (physical, mental, emotional), effectively fosters leadership traits aligned with Pancasila values, including discipline, cooperation, and social responsibility. However, regional disparities in implementation such as inconsistent trainer expertise and facility quality create challenges in achieving nationwide uniformity. This study offers a novel approach by systematically analyzing the “Desa Bahagia” system as a pedagogical model for embedding Pancasila ideology into youth leadership training. It provides actionable insights for policymakers to optimize the programme through standardized training modules, equitable resource allocation, and enhanced philosophical understanding of the system’s principles among stakeholders. Improvements in infrastructure, trainer capacity-building, and curriculum alignment are critical to ensure the programme’s scalability and sustainability. These enhancements will strengthen Indonesia’s pipeline of ethically grounded, nationally conscious young leaders.

Analysis of Students’ Interest in The Use of National Streaming Service

2025-08-14T16:35:00+07:00

Objective: This study explores Generation Alpha and Z's inclination to utilize national streaming services through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). It aims to examine how attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control shape their intention to use these platforms. Methods: A quantitative research approach was employed, collecting data from a diverse sample of Generation Z individuals. The study measured their attitudes towards national streaming services, the influence of social norms, and their perceived control over using these platforms. Results: The findings indicate that positive attitudes, particularly regarding content diversity and affordability, significantly drive user interest. Additionally, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control also play crucial roles in shaping intentions to adopt national streaming services. Novelty: This research contributes to the understanding of digital media consumption behavior among younger generations, offering insights for national streaming service providers to better engage Generation Alpha and Z through targeted strategies aligned with behavioral drivers.

Entrepreneurship Management Education as a Catalyst for Student Interest in Developing Social Entrepreneurship at Pelita Bangsa University

2025-08-14T16:34:33+07:00

Objective: This study aims to analyse the influence of entrepreneurship management education on students' interest in developing social entrepreneurship. The primary focus lies on the contribution of business planning, social leadership, and impact management to students' social entrepreneurship orientation. Method: A quantitative approach with a survey method was used to collect data from 169 active students of the Entrepreneurship Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Pelita Bangsa University, who have taken at least one Entrepreneurship Management course. A purposive sampling technique was used in the selection of respondents. Results: The analysis shows that entrepreneurship management education significantly and positively affects students' interest in developing social entrepreneurship (p-value = 0.000, t-statistic = 13.326, path coefficient = 0.572). This finding confirms that the managerial approach in entrepreneurship learning effectively improves students' knowledge, skills, and entrepreneurial spirit oriented towards social values.. Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the specific focus on entrepreneurial management education, which is different from general entrepreneurship education, with a managerial process approach. The practical implication is that the results can serve as a basis for curriculum designers and higher education policy makers to strategically integrate social entrepreneurship modules to foster sustainable social innovation among the younger generation.

Gelis, Bili, Diary Literasi, and Prica: Programs to Strengthen Early Grade Reading and Writing Literacy

2025-08-14T16:34:13+07:00

Objective: This study aims to explore the implementation of the “Gelis,” “Bili,” “Diary Literasi,” and Prica programs for strengthening reading and writing literacy in elementary school. These programs were implemented by undergraduate students participating in the Kampus Mengajar Batch-7 initiative in collaboration with elementary school teachers. The study employed a qualitative approach with an exploratory method. The research subjects were first-grade students at an elementary school located in Arjasari, Indonesia. The subjects were selected based on the schools assigned by the Kampus Mengajar Batch 7 program. The study was conducted over four months, from March to June 2024. Data were collected through documentation study, in-depth interviews, and participatory observation. Data analysis was conducted using open coding, categorization, axial coding, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate improvements in students’ ability to read simple texts and write short paragraphs. Students also demonstrated increased interest in reading, developed habits of writing or drawing during their free time, and expressed enjoyment in storytelling activities or listening to stories. This collaborative literacy program facilitated teachers in implementing reading and writing instruction, particularly in early grade classrooms, as the programs, designed collaboratively by students, academic supervisors, and teachers, were practical, adaptable to various contexts, and easily integrated into intraclass learning activities.

Promoting Teachers’ Professionalism in Primary School: The Female Principal’s Leadership Style

2025-08-14T16:33:52+07:00

Objective: Leadership style these days is becoming crucial aspect in managing programs in educational setting. The principal is required to carry out effective leadership to promote the success of education. In addition, this leadership style can be a means to promote teacher’s professionalism. Still, there has been the lack of effective leadership leading to unmotivated teachers and the lack of teacher’s professionalism. There has ben previous studies concerning on the principal leadership style in elementary school. However, this study focuses on the female principal’ leadership style to fill the gap. Method: This study is qualitative case study. It aims at exploring the female principal’s leadership style to promote teacher’s professionalism at SD Negeri Tambahrejo 03. The participants of this study are one principal and four teachers at SD Negeri Tambahrejo 03. To collect the data, the researcher uses semi-structured interview. Results: Based on the result of data analysis using semi-structured interview with the participants, it shows positive influence of leadership style to promote teacher’s professionalism. It shows that there are two leadership styles used by the female principal; transformational and situational leadership. In addition, this leadership style is to promote teacher’s professionalism through the following activities; professional development, teachers forum, and curriculum development. In short, leadership style plays a significant role in promoting teacher’s professionalism. In other words, the more effective leadership style used by the principal, the higher teacher’s professionalism.

Advancing Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence through STEM-Based Lesson Study in Indonesian Primary Schools

2025-08-14T16:38:55+07:00

Objective: This study aims at comprehensively investigating the practical STEM-based lesson study to improve teachers’ pedagogical competence in primary schools. Method: This study conducts a qualitative case study. This sstudy was conducted in SD Negeri Bades. The researcher incorporated observation sheets and semi-structured interviews in collecting the data. Results: The findings show that there are three stages conducted in STEM-based learning; planning, doing, and seeing stage. Further, incorporating STEM-based lesson study indicates an improvement of teachers’ pedagogical competence in primary schools. In addition, teachers are able to share their ideas to design effective lesson design, and able to design effective lesson plan to make effective and meaningful STEM-based learning in SD Negeri Bades. Novelty: This study provides practical integration of STEM-based lesson study to improve teachers’pedagogical competence within context of Indonesian primary schools.

Carbon Economic Development and Corporate Value Creation: Educational Perspective on Market Evolution in Southeast Asia

2025-08-14T16:38:09+07:00

Objective: This study investigates the relationship between carbon economic development and corporate value creation through an educational lens, examining how market evolution in Southeast Asia influences organizational learning and financial performance. The research aims to understand how companies adapt their carbon management strategies and the subsequent impact on profitability, leverage, and overall corporate valuation across different market maturity levels. Method: A comparative quantitative analysis was conducted using panel data from 240 publicly listed companies across Indonesia and Thailand during 2019-2024. The study employed multiple regression analysis with fixed effects models to examine the relationships between carbon trading participation, company size, profitability metrics (ROA, ROE), leverage ratios, and market capitalization. Educational development variables were measured through corporate sustainability reporting quality, green finance literacy indicators, and carbon management capability indices. Results: Findings reveal significant positive correlations between carbon economic participation and corporate value creation, with Indonesian firms showing 12.3% higher ROA compared to non-participating companies, while Thai counterparts demonstrated 15.7% improvement. Company size moderates this relationship, with larger firms exhibiting superior carbon economic adaptation capabilities. Leverage ratios decreased by an average of 8.2% among carbon-active companies, indicating improved financial stability through sustainable practices. Novelty: This research contributes the first comprehensive educational framework for carbon economic development in Southeast Asian markets, introducing the concept of "carbon learning curves" and providing empirical evidence of differential market evolution patterns across emerging economies in the region.

Regional Development Strategies Through Educational Development in Supporting Coffee Cultivation Resilience: A Comparative Case Study of Post-Eruption Areas Between Mount Sinabung and Mount Sibayak, North Sumatera

2025-08-14T16:37:48+07:00

Objective: This study aims to analyze regional development strategies through educational development in supporting coffee cultivation resilience by comparing post-eruption areas of Mount Sinabung (active volcanic area) and Mount Sibayak (dormant volcanic area) in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The research seeks to identify the role of educational interventions in enhancing farmers' adaptive capacity and sustainable coffee production in volcanic regions. Method: A qualitative comparative case study approach was employed, involving 40 informants comprising coffee farmers, agricultural extension workers, educational facilitators, and local government representatives from both locations. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and document analysis over six months (January-June 2025). Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns and differences between the two volcanic environments. Results: Mount Sinabung post-eruption areas demonstrated 25% higher coffee productivity (Arabica: 2.0-2.8 tons/ha/year; Robusta: 2.8-3.5 tons/ha/year) compared to Mount Sibayak areas, attributed to mineral-rich volcanic soil enrichment. Educational programs showed significant impact with 85% farmer participation in sustainable practices training at Sinabung versus 65% at Sibayak. Technology adoption rates were higher at Sinabung (IoT irrigation: 50%, drone monitoring: 30%) due to intensive post-disaster educational interventions. However, Mount Sibayak areas exhibited greater long-term sustainability practices (agroforestry: 90%) due to established educational infrastructure. Novelty: This research provides the first comparative analysis of educational development impact on coffee cultivation resilience between active and dormant volcanic areas in North Sumatra. The study introduces an innovative framework linking disaster-responsive education with agricultural productivity, demonstrating how crisis-driven educational interventions can accelerate technology adoption and adaptive capacity building in volcanic agricultural systems.

Effect of Negative Emotional Video Stimuli on Word Choice in Grade X High School

2025-08-14T16:38:34+07:00

Objective: Emotional problems that arise in adolescents are often caused by situations within their family or neighborhood, but physical health and the influence of visual media or movie shows can also affect the emotional state of adolescents. This study aims to determine the impact of negatively charged videos on emotions in word choice This research uses a quantitative approach with an experimental method of the true experimental type. The sampling technique is simple random sampling, which is a technique where each member of the population has the same opportunity to become a research sample. The difference test used is the Mann-Whitney test because the data is an independent sample. The results showed that P = 0.000 ≤ α (0.05), then H0 was rejected, or which means that there was a difference in the number of negative word scores between the control group and the experimental group in class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Ngaglik. By rejecting H0, the study provides evidence of a significant difference in word choice between the group given the negative emotion stimulus and the control group.

Integrating Primary School Teacher Education Students' TPACK Competence in Developing C6-Level HOTS Questions

2025-08-15T16:34:10+07:00

Objective: This study aims to analyze the ability of students in the Primary School Teacher Education program to integrate Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in developing mathematics questions based on Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) at the C6 level (creating). This competence is essential for preparing future teachers to design questions that foster creativity, problem-solving, and innovation among primary school students. Method: This research employed a qualitative descriptive approach involving final-semester students who had completed courses on instructional design and TPACK. Data were collected through documentation of C6-level HOTS question development assignments, semi-structured interviews, and classroom observations. Data were analyzed through data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing. Results: The findings indicate that most students demonstrated the ability to integrate TPACK components—content, pedagogy, and technology—in designing HOTS-based mathematics questions at the C6 level. While some questions reflected strong alignment with C6 indicators such as originality and contextual relevance, challenges remain in harmonizing all TPACK dimensions consistently. Variability in technological integration and depth of creativity was also observed. Novelty: This study offers insight into how TPACK competencies support the development of C6-level HOTS questions within primary mathematics education. It contributes to existing literature by linking TPACK directly with cognitive assessment design in teacher education and highlighting the preparedness of pre-service teachers to meet the demands of 21st-century learning.

The Effect Of Value Clarification Technique Learning Model Based On Educational Adventure Game On Critical Thinking Skills For Elementary School Students

2025-08-14T16:37:26+07:00

Objective: The low critical thinking ability of students in Pancasila Education subjects causes them to only memorize materials without being able to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems critically. This study aims to apply the Value Clarification Technique (VCT) learning model based on Educational Adventure Game and analyze its effect on improving students' critical thinking ability in Pancasila Education subjects. Methods: This study uses an experimental method (quasi-experimental design) with a sample of grade IV Elementary School students, and data collection is carried out quantitatively using a test instrument to measure critical thinking skills. Results: This study presents a novel approach by integrating the Value Clarification Technique (VCT) with Educational Adventure Games to enhance critical thinking in Pancasila Education an area that has traditionally focused more on rote memorization than analytical skill development. Based on the results of the hypothesis test at SD Negeri 1 Jeketro, the t-count value of 7.305 is greater than the t-table of 2.017 at a significance level of 95% with α = 0.01. The same results were also found at SD Negeri 1 Saban, where the t-count value of 7.205 is greater than the t-table of 2.017 at a significance level of 95% with α = 0.02. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the Educational Adventure Game-based VCT learning model has a significant effect on improving students' critical thinking skills in the Pancasila Education subject.

Integration of Blended Learning and Inquiry based learning on Students' 21st Century Thinking Ability: A Meta-analysis

2025-08-14T16:39:16+07:00

Objective: This study aims to determine the influence of blended learning and inquiry based learning on students' 21st-century thinking ability in learning in schools. Method. This research is a type of meta-analysis research. Data is obtained through the google scholar database; ScienceDirect, Wiley and ERIC. Obtained 26 articles analyzed. The research data was analyzed with the help of the JASP application by presenting the results of the heterogeneity, publication bias, effect size, funnel plot and forest plot test results. Results: The application of blended learning and inquiry-based learning models can improve students' 21st-century thinking skills compared to conventional models (g= 1.062; 95% CI 0.45; 0.93; p < 0.001) Analysis of moderator variables shows that the variation of models, education levels, subjects, and skills of the 21st century has a significant influence. These findings explain that blended learning and inqyiry based learning models are effectively used to improve students' 21st-century thinking skills in schools.. Novelty: Blended Learning and Inquiry-Based Learning, into a single meta-analysis framework that focuses on developing students' 21st century thinking skills. Not only does it measure the effectiveness of each model, but it also comprehensively evaluates the synergistic impact of the two on students' critical, creative, communication, and collaborative thinking aspects.