Prevalence of Use of Sports Trainer Services in Japanese High Schools: A Nationwide Survey
Abstract
Objective: Sports trainers contribute to the safety of adolescent athletes. The status of sports trainer services (STS) that use a trainer-certified system and trainer perceptions differ among countries, and reports from different countries are needed to promote the global use of STS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of STS and the reasons for its use in Japanese high schools. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022. Participants were all club activity coaches from all high schools (around 70,000 coaches) in Japan. The primary outcome was the prevalence of STS use. We obtained information on the payment status when STS was used and the reasons they were not. Results: Of the 6045 coaches included, 10.5% used STS. Volunteer trainers comprised 29.9%, and if they were paid a fee, it needed to be more for a living. The most common reason for not using STS was "no suitable person" (70.8%). Novelty: This was the first large-scale survey of the prevalence of STS use in Japanese high schools. The prevalence of STS use in Japanese high schools was low.
Abstract View: 234 
PDF Download: 194
Similarity Check Download: 32
References
Aubert, S., Barnes, J. D., Demchenko, I., Hawthorne, M., Abdeta, C., Abi Nader, P., Adsuar Sala, J. C., & Tremblay, M. S. (2022). Global Matrix 4.0 physical activity report card grades for children and adolescents: Results and analyses from 57 countries. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(11), 700-728. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2022-0456
Barter, E. W., Rivera, M. J., Post, E. G., Games, K. E., & Eberman, L. E. (2023). Differences in access to athletic trainers in public secondary schools based on socioeconomic status. Journal of Athletic Training, 58(2), 91-96. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0240.21
Hernandez, M. I., Miller, E. C., Biese, K. M., Columna, L., Andreae, S., McGuine, T. A., Snedden, T. R., & Bell, D. R. (2024). Secondary school athletic trainers’ perceptions of the influence of social determinants of health and socioeconomic status on clinical management decisions. Journal of Athletic Training, 59(4), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0445.22
Hirschhorn, R. M., Huggins, R. A., Kerr, Z. Y., Mensch, J. M., Dompier, T. P., Rudisill, C., & Yeargin, S. W. (2023). Access to athletic trainers and emergency medical services activations for sport-related injuries. Journal of Athletic Training, 58(5), 387-392. https://doi.org/10.4085/234.22
Huggins, R. A., Coleman, K. A., Attanasio, S. M., Cooper, G. L., Endres, B. D., Harper, R. C., Huemme, K. L., & Peterson, B. C. (2019). Athletic trainer services in the secondary school setting: The athletic training locations and services project. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(11), 1129-1139. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-12-19
Ishigooka, A., Yamamoto, T., & Kasahara, M. (2017). Adopting of sports trainers into high school after school club activity. Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 2(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.24692/jsatj.2.2_125
Izumi, H., Sasaki, S., & Hosokawa, Y. (2020). Characteristics of full-time athletic trainers in Japan: from 2018 professional survey data of japan sport association certified athletic trainers. Japanese Journal of Athletic Training, 6(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.24692/jsatj.6.1_95
Japan Sport Association. (2018). Dai 1-kai nihon no torēnā jittai chōsa. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.japan-sports.or.jp/Portals/0/data/ikusei/doc/AT/Report/Japan_trainer_report.pdf
Japan Sport Council. (2023). Gakkō tō no kanrika no saigai. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.jpnsport.go.jp/anzen/kankobutuichiran/tabid/3037/Default.aspx
Japan Sports Agency. (2018). Heisei 29-nendo undō bukatsudō tō ni kansuru jittai chōsa houkokusho. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/b_menu/sports/mcatetop04/list/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/06/12/1403173_2.pdf
Japan Sports Agency. (2023). Undō bukatsudō no chīki renkei ya chīki supōtsu kurabu katsudō ikō ni muketa kankyō no ittaiteki na seibi. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.mext.go.jp/sports/b_menu/sports/mcatetop04/list/1405720.htm
Lacy, A. M., Eason, C. M., Chu, E. L., Stearns, R. L., & Casa, D. J. (2023). Youth athletes' parents' perceptions and knowledge of the athletic training profession. Journal of Athletic Training, 58(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0368.21
Li, T., Johnson, S. T., Koester, M. C., Hommel, A., & Norcross, M. F. (2019). The impact of high school athletic trainer services on medical payments and utilizations: A microsimulation analysis on medical claims. Injury Epidemiology, 6, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-019-0194-y
McGuine, T. A., Pfaller, A. Y., Post, E. G., Hetzel, S. J., Brooks, A., & Broglio, S. P. (2018). The influence of athletic trainers on the incidence and management of concussions in high school athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 53(11), 1017-1024. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-209-18
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. (2022). Gakkō kōdo. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/toukei/mext_01087.html
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. (2023). Reiwa 4-nen kokumin seikatsu kiso chōsa no gaikyō. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/k-tyosa/k-tyosa22/index.html
Moeller, J. L., & Ciecko, J. (2022). Sports medicine health care access in Michigan high schools: access to athletic trainers. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 21(10), 347-350. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000001002
Nakamura, H., Mimura, K., Tetsuguchi, M., Abe, K., & Saito, S. (2003). The function and necessity of athletic trainer on high school sports club. Memoirs of Osaka Kyoiku University, Series Ⅳ, 51(2), 521-528.
National Athletic Trainers' Association. (a) Athletic training. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.nata.org/about/athletic-training
National Athletic Trainers' Association. (b) Become certification. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.nata.org/about/athletic-training/obtain-certification
National Athletic Trainers' Association. (c) Job settings. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.nata.org/about/athletic-training/job-settings
National Strength and Conditioning Association. Strength and conditioning coaches. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.nsca.com/professional-development/professional-areas/strength-and-conditioning-coaches
Pike, A. M., Pryor, R. R., Vandermark, L. W., Mazerolle, S. M., & Casa, D. J. (2017). Athletic trainer services in public and private secondary schools. Journal of Athletic Training, 52(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-51.11.15
Post, E., Winterstein, A. P., Hetzel, S. J., Lutes, B., & McGuine, T. A. (2019). School and community socioeconomic status and access to athletic trainer services in Wisconsin secondary schools. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(2), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-440-17
Post, E. G., Roos, K. G., Rivas, S., Kasamatsu, T. M., & Bennett, J. (2019). Access to athletic trainer services in California secondary schools. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(12), 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-268-19
Prieto-González, P., Martínez-Castillo, J. L., Fernández-Galván, L. M., Casado, A., Soporki, S., & Sánchez-Infante, J. (2021). Epidemiology of sports-related injuries and associated risk factors in adolescent athletes: An injury surveillance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094857
Rowe, V. D. (2023). The plight of athletic training graduates in a third world country: an obscure and unregulated profession in Jamaica. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 1(128), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v1i128.1334
Sasakawa Sports Foundation. (2022). The 2022 SSF National Sports-Life Survey. Sasakawa Sports Foundation. https://www.ssf.or.jp/files/sld2022_e.pdf
Suzuki-Yamanaka, M., Huggins, R. A., Armstrong, K. J., Coleman, K. A., Casa, D. J., & Kaneoka, K. (2021). Athletic training employment in US secondary schools by geographic setting and school size. Journal of Athletic Training, 56(9), 1010-1017. https://doi.org/10.4085/109-20
Waseda Jitsugyo High School. (2023). Asurethikku torēnā. Retrieved October 21, 2024 from https://www.wasedajg.ed.jp/senior/schoollife-h/athletic-h
Copyright (c) 2024 IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Abstract viewed = 234 times
PDF downloaded = 194 times
Similarity Check downloaded = 32 times
