Infusing Unplugged Computational Thinking into a Probability Worksheet for Students’ Mathematical Literacy
Keywords:
Computational Thinking, Mathematical Literacy, Numeracy, Probability, Worksheet
Abstract
Objective: This research aims to: 1) develop a worksheet that incorporates unplugged computational thinking (CT) to support the strengthening of mathematical literacy; 2) test the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the worksheet. Method: This study employed a development research design involving teachers, students, and experts. Data collection was conducted through literature review, observation, questionnaires, documentation, and a mathematical literacy test. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Based on the research results, the following results were obtained: 1) The CT-infused worksheet was designed to support the achievement of three learning objectives: students can determine sample points, determine probability values, and use these concepts in problem-solving; the worksheet contains learning activities that integrate CT and learning activities that support mathematical literacy; 2) The content validity index was 1, thus the worksheet is valid; Practicality tests by teachers and students yielded scores of 3.95 and 3.58, respectively, indicating that the worksheet is suitable for use as a support for mathematics learning. The trial results also demonstrated that these CT-infused worksheet is effective in improving students' mathematical literacy. Novelty: In contrast to earlier studies that focused on literature review, analysed students' CT abilities, or integrated CT into mathematics learning to improve CT abilities, this study integrates unplugged CT into a worksheet to improve junior high school students' mathematical literacy. This CT-infused worksheet has been proven valid, practical and effective as a probability teaching material to support the development of mathematical literacy.
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References
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Maulidiyah, F. Z., Nuriyatin, S., & Ayuningtyas, N. (2024). Design of Quantum Learning-Based Numeracy Worksheet on Uncertainty and Data Content. Varidika, 36(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v36i1.5149
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Monica, R., Lusiana, & Marga Retta, A. (2024). Kesulitan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM pada Materi Statistika di Kelas VIII SMP. Mathema Journal E-Issn, 6(1), 116–126. https://ejurnal.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmathema/article/view/3183/1348
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OECD. (2018a). PISA 2018 Results: Vol. I. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.htm
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Pajow, M. A., Regar, V. E., & Maukar, M. G. (2024). Hubungan antara Kemampuan Computational Thinking dan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa pada Materi Pola Bilangan. Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 4(June), 544–553. https://etdci.org/journal/kognitif/article/view/1661/921
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Sanchez-Garcia, J. R., Galeana-Victoria, L. G., Flores-Azcanio, N. P., & Sanchez-Vazquez, E. (2023). ADDIE model as a methodology for the design of distance courses. Journal Information Technology, 10(30), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.35429/jit.2023.30.10.16.26
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Sukirman, S., Ibharim, L. F. M., Said, C. S., & Murtiyasa, B. (2024). Development and Usability Testing of a Virtual Reality Game for Learning Computational Thinking. International Journal of Serious Games, 11(3), 19–43. https://journal.seriousgamessociety.org/index.php/IJSG/article/view/670
Susanti, R. D., & Taufik, M. (2021). Analysis of Student Computational Thinking in Solving Social Statistics Problems. SJME (Supremum Journal of Mathematics Education), 5(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.35706/sjme.v5i1.4376
Temel, H., & Altun, M. (2022). The Effect of Problem-Solving Strategies Education on Developing Mathematical Literacy. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 16(2), 275–303. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1164584
Weintrop, D., Beheshti, E., Horn, M., Orton, K., Jona, K., Trouille, L., & Wilensky, U. (2016). Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Yadav, A., Larimore, R., Rich, K., & Schwarz, C. (2019). Integrating Computational Thinking in Elementary Classrooms: Introducing a Toolkit to Support Teachers. Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, 2019(1), 347–350. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/208366/
Yuliana, I., Hermawan, H. D., Prayitno, H. J., Ratih, K., Adhantoro, M. S., Hidayati, H., & Ibrahim, M. H. (2021). Computational thinking lesson in improving digital literacy for rural area children via cs unplugged. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1720(1), 12009.
Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Zhang, X., Räsänen, P., Koponen, T., Aunola, Kaisa Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2017). Knowing, applying, and reasoning about arithmetic: Roles of domain-general and numerical skills in multiple domains of arithmetic learning. Developmental Psychology, 53(12), 2304–2318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000432
Aldoobie, N. (2015). ADDIE Model. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(6). http://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_5_No_6_December_2015/10.pdf
Astuti, A., Syahza, A., & Putra, Z. H. (2023). Penelitian Computational Thinking Dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 12(1), 363. https://doi.org/10.24127/ajpm.v12i1.5860
Azma, T. R., Hapizah, H., & Darmawijoyo, D. (2024). Electronic student worksheet based on computational thinking on arithmetic sequences and series. Al-Jabar : Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 15(2), 623–643. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajpm.v15i2.24603
Azwar, S. (1996). Tes Prestasi Fungsi Pengembangan Pengukuran Prestasi Belajar. Pustaka Pelajar.
Barr, V., & Stephenson, C. (2011). Bringing Computational Thinking to K-12: What is Involved and What is the Role of the Computer Science Education Community? ACM Inroads, March, 2(1), 48–54. http://0-web.ebscohost.com.wam.seals.ac.za/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=5&sid=14de6ffb-48a7-401c-bcce-ddc13b922f0a%40sessionmgr198&hid=127
Chen, W. Y., Effendi, M., & Matore, E. M. (2023). Students’ Computational Thinking in Mathematics Education Based On A Systematic Literature Review. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 8(1), e002045. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v8i1.2045
Daryono, R. W., & Rochmadi, S. (2020). Development of learning module to improve competency achievement in the department of civil engineering education in Indonesia. Psychology, Evaluation, and Technology in Educational Research, 3(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.33292/petier.v3i1.54
Davis, A. L. (2013). Using instructional design principles to develop effective information literacy instruction: The ADDIE model. College & Research Libraries News, 74(4). https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/8934/9656
Dong, Y., Cateté, V., Jocius, R., Lytle, N., Barnes, T., Albert, J., Joshi, D., Robinson, R., & Andrews, A. (2019). PRADA: A Practical Model for Integrating Computational Thinking in K-12 Education. Proceedings of the 50th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE 2019), 906–912. https://doi.org/10.1145/3287324.3287431
Ersozlu, Z., Swartz, M., & Skourdoumbis, A. (2023). Developing Computational Thinking through Mathematics: An Evaluative Scientific Mapping. Education Sciences, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040422
Idris, M. R., & Rus, R. C. (2023). Developing the Rekatronik Module Using ADDIE Model for Electronic Design Topic in the Design and Technology (D&T) Subject. Asian Journal of Research in Education and Social Sciences, 5(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.55057/ajress.2023.5.2.13
Juldial, T. U. H., & Haryadi, R. (2024). Analisis Keterampilan Berpikir Komputasional dalam Proses Pembelajaran. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(1), 136–144. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i1.6992
Kemdikbud. (2023). Rapor Pendidikan Indonesia Tahun 2023. https://raporpendidikan.kemdikbud.go.id/
Li, Y., Schoenfeld, A. H., DiSessa, A. A., Graesser, A. C., Benson, L. C., English, L. D., & Duschl, R. A. (2020). Computational Thinking is More about Thinking than Computing. Journal for STEM Education Research, 3(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-020-00030-2
Love, T. S., Bartholomew, S. R., & Yauney, J. (2022). Examining changes in teachers’ beliefs toward integrating computational thinking to teach literacy and math concepts in grades K-2. Journal for STEM Education Research, 5(3), 380–401.
Maharani, S., Susanti, V. D., Andari, T., Krisdiana, I., & Astuti, I. P. (2023). Computational Thinking (CT)-based Student Worksheet to Improve the Mathematical Literacy of Mathematics Prospective Teacher. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(September), 2690–2702. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.4412
Martin, M. O., & Mullis, I. V. . (2017). TIMSS Assessment Frameworks. In TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center, Lynch School of Education, Boston College and IEA. http://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2019/frameworks/
Maulidiyah, F. Z., Nuriyatin, S., & Ayuningtyas, N. (2024). Design of Quantum Learning-Based Numeracy Worksheet on Uncertainty and Data Content. Varidika, 36(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v36i1.5149
Mendrofa, N. K. (2024). Computational Thinking Skills in 21st Century Mathematics Learning. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 7(1), 792–801. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v7i1.3780
Monica, R., Lusiana, & Marga Retta, A. (2024). Kesulitan dalam Menyelesaikan Soal AKM pada Materi Statistika di Kelas VIII SMP. Mathema Journal E-Issn, 6(1), 116–126. https://ejurnal.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmathema/article/view/3183/1348
Mufidah, T. H., & Majid, N. W. A. (2024). Pengaruh Peningkatan Computational Thinking Siswa Kelas 5 Melalui Pembelajaran Dasar Coding. Buletin Literasi Budaya Sekolah, 6(1), 22–37. https://doi.org/10.23917/blbs.v6i1.4231
Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, M. O., Foy, P., & Arora, A. (2011). TIMSS 2011 International Results in Mathematics. TIMSS & PIRLS International Study Center and International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). https://timssandpirls.bc.edu/timss2011/international-results-mathematics.html
Mustaqimah, U. P. S., Supratman, S., & Lestari, P. (2024). Development student worksheets to enhance computational thinking skills in 7th grade students on ratio material. Union: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Matematika, 12(3), 459–471. https://doi.org/10.30738/union.v12i3.17611
OECD. (2014). PISA 2012 Results in Focus. Programme for International Student Assessment, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264208070-en
OECD. (2016). PISA 2015 Results in Focus. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf
OECD. (2018a). PISA 2018 Results: Vol. I. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.htm
OECD. (2018b). PISA 2022 Mathematics Framework (Draft) (Issue November 2018). OECD. https://pisa2022-maths.oecd.org/#Overview
Pajow, M. A., Regar, V. E., & Maukar, M. G. (2024). Hubungan antara Kemampuan Computational Thinking dan Pemahaman Konsep Matematika Siswa pada Materi Pola Bilangan. Kognitif: Jurnal Riset HOTS Pendidikan Matematika, 4(June), 544–553. https://etdci.org/journal/kognitif/article/view/1661/921
Puspenjar, Wijaya, A., & Dewayani, S. (2021). Framework Asesmen Kompetensi Minimum (AKM) (A. Effendi & H. Gunawan (eds.)). Pusat Asesmen dan Pembelajaran (Puspenjar), Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. https://pusmenjar.kemdikbud.go.id/an/page/download_file/749631_10
Rahmi, H. (2023). Validity and Practicality of Online Learner Worksheets Based on Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Ability. JDIME : Journal of Development and Innovation in Mathematics Education, 1(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.32939/jdime.v1i1.2312
Rey, Y. A. R. del, Cambinda, I. N. C., Deco, C., Bender, C., Avello-Martínez, R., & Villalba-Condori, K. O. (2021). Developing computational thinking with a module of solved problems. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 29(3), 506–516. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22214
Sanchez-Garcia, J. R., Galeana-Victoria, L. G., Flores-Azcanio, N. P., & Sanchez-Vazquez, E. (2023). ADDIE model as a methodology for the design of distance courses. Journal Information Technology, 10(30), 16–26. https://doi.org/10.35429/jit.2023.30.10.16.26
Singh, B., & Kaunert, C. (2024). Computational Thinking for Innovative Solutions and Problem-Solving Techniques: Transforming Conventional Education to Futuristic Interdisciplinary Higher Education. In M. M. Fonkam & N. R. Vajjhala (Eds.), Revolutionizing Curricula Through Computational Thinking, Logic, and Problem Solving (pp. 60–82). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1974-1.ch004
Sukirman, S., Ibharim, L. F. M., Said, C. S., & Murtiyasa, B. (2024). Development and Usability Testing of a Virtual Reality Game for Learning Computational Thinking. International Journal of Serious Games, 11(3), 19–43. https://journal.seriousgamessociety.org/index.php/IJSG/article/view/670
Susanti, R. D., & Taufik, M. (2021). Analysis of Student Computational Thinking in Solving Social Statistics Problems. SJME (Supremum Journal of Mathematics Education), 5(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.35706/sjme.v5i1.4376
Temel, H., & Altun, M. (2022). The Effect of Problem-Solving Strategies Education on Developing Mathematical Literacy. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 16(2), 275–303. https://doi.org/10.17522/balikesirnef.1164584
Weintrop, D., Beheshti, E., Horn, M., Orton, K., Jona, K., Trouille, L., & Wilensky, U. (2016). Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational Thinking. Communications of the ACM, 49(3), 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Yadav, A., Larimore, R., Rich, K., & Schwarz, C. (2019). Integrating Computational Thinking in Elementary Classrooms: Introducing a Toolkit to Support Teachers. Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference, 2019(1), 347–350. https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/208366/
Yuliana, I., Hermawan, H. D., Prayitno, H. J., Ratih, K., Adhantoro, M. S., Hidayati, H., & Ibrahim, M. H. (2021). Computational thinking lesson in improving digital literacy for rural area children via cs unplugged. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1720(1), 12009.
Yusoff, M. S. B. (2019). ABC of Content Validation and Content Validity Index Calculation. Education in Medicine Journal, 11(2), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.21315/eimj2019.11.2.6
Zhang, X., Räsänen, P., Koponen, T., Aunola, Kaisa Lerkkanen, M.-K., & Nurmi, J.-E. (2017). Knowing, applying, and reasoning about arithmetic: Roles of domain-general and numerical skills in multiple domains of arithmetic learning. Developmental Psychology, 53(12), 2304–2318. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000432
Published
2025-11-30
How to Cite
Sari, C. K., Murtiyasa, B., Machromah, I. U., Ramadhani, N. A., Rejeki, S., Murtiyasa, B., Palupi, R., & Yuliana, I. (2025). Infusing Unplugged Computational Thinking into a Probability Worksheet for Students’ Mathematical Literacy. IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research, 6(6), 1896-1910. https://doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v6i6.1026
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2025 Christina Kartika Sari, Budi Murtiyasa, Isnaeni Umi Machromah, Noti Armyta Ramadhani, Sri Rejeki, Budi Murtiyasa, Retno Palupi, Irma Yuliana (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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